Method of and apparatus for working paper stock



A. J. HAUG 2,066,107

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK I Dec. 29, 1936.

Filed May 51, 1932 lnven tor Patented Dec. 29, 1936 UNITED STATES METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING PAPER STOCK Anton J. Haug, Nashua, N. H.

Application May 31, 1932, Serial No. 614,566

9 Claims.

This invention relates to machines for working paper stock and similar materials, and is more especially concerned with machines of the general type illustrated in my former Letters Patent Nos. 1,302,469, dated April 29, 1919, 1,433,410,

dated January 30, 1923, 1,518,922, dated December 9, 1924, 1,535,834, dated April 28, 1925, and 1,623,676, dated April 5, 1927.

It is the chief object of the invention to improve machines of the general character above referred to with a View to simplifying their construction, reducing the expense of manufacture, increasing their reliability, and minimizing the care and attention required by them.

My invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration showing one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawing,-

Figure 1 is an elevation, principally in longitudinal section, illustrating a machine embodying the chief elements of the invention;

Fig. 2 is an end view in detail showing an improved packing;

Fig. 3 is a view in longitudinal section of the packing shown in Fig. 2;

Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are sections through oneof the grooves cut into the rolls, at different points of its length.

Referring to the drawing and to the embodiment of the invention therein illustrated, I have shown the same exemplified in a machine of the type described in my aforesaid patents, the same having a drum or casing I provided with an internal cylindrical shell 9 and carried by suitable supports which rest on bed plate I3.

The casing is herein fixed, but the same might have a movement of rotation either with or without bodily movement of the rolls hereinafter referred to. A hopper 15 is secured to one end of the casing, through which stock may be intro duced and fed into the interior of the machine by any means adapted to disintegrate the bunches or masses of stock and deliver the same continuously and evenly to the agencies provided to perform the crushing operation, said feeding device preferably comprising a pair of rolls located with parallel axes in said hopper and having their circumferences equipped with sets of teeth 16, the two sets being adapted to function cooperatively during the rotation of the rolls in such manner as to tear up the stock bunches and feed same in pieces of suitable size and at a uniform rate to the interior of the machine, all as described in my Patent #1,623,676.

During the operation of the machine, the stock travels from the inlet end of the machine through the casing to a discharge chamber 2| at the op- -5 posite end of the casing 1, there being provided at the bottom of the discharge chamber an outlet passage 23 through which the worked over stock is discharged.

In its travel through the machine, the stock is subjected to a succession of reducing actions by some crushing agency and preferably by means of the heavy rolls 25. Any desired number of rolls may be provided, and they are located lengthwise the cylinder, being adapted to bear against the stock distributed over the inner face thereof. The rolls are carried around the inside of the cylinder by suitable supports outside of the same so that they are caused to move in a closed orbital path while acting to roll over and crush the stock.

The roll journals are carried in bearings 26 which are pivotally attached to spiders 21 at opposite ends of the machine, said spiders being driven by the main driving shaft 28, so that 25 during operation the rolls are forced centrifugally out against the inner surface of the shell while at the same time they are carried bodily through an orbital path Within the shell, all asshown in my Patent 1,623,676 above referred to. 0

As explained in my above-mentioned patent, it has formerly been found desirable to impart a separate and definite rotary movement to the crushing rolls in addition to the energy which the frictional contact with the casing gives them. 35 The mechanism heretofore required for accomplishing this has added to the cost and maintenance of the machine and one of the objects of the invention is to eliminate this for certain grades of material. a 40 By grooving the crushing rolls, it has been found possible to increase the frictional resistance of the roll surface on the inside of thecasing sufficiently so that for the purposes of refining groundwood tailings and similar material, 45 the separate driving mechanism as described in my Patent No. 1,623,676 is rendered unnecessary, thus substantially simplifying the machine and effecting a material economy in the expense of manufacture. I 0

One or more grooves 30 are cut into the roll surface, and they may extend over the entire roll length or only a part thereof. They are prefer-, ably cut on aspiral, and the depth of the grooves may be uniform throughout their length or they way along the roll, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6,

thus leaving one end of the roll smooth to handle material which is desired to be very fine and even. Fig. 4 showsthis groove near the feed end of the roll; Fig. .5, afterthe first third of its extent; and Fig. 6 shows the same groove after the second third of its length.

The present invention also contemplates the use of grooves or other forms of peripheral de pre-ssions in connection with different types of stock-crushing agencies, such as balls or rods, or in the type of machine shown in my Patent #1,682,511, dated Aug. 28, 1928.

To provide for the progressive advance, of the stock through the machine while it is being sub jected to successive crushing actions, inclined or helical vanes 40 are suitably placed to avoid interference with the rolls and herein shown as carried by arms 4| projecting from hubs 42 carried by the main shaft, the entire series of vanes comprising in effect a mechanical screw conveyor acting to convey the material from one end of the machine to the other.

In a machine of the character described, it is essential to keep the lubricating oil clean and the refined material unpolluted with oil, and as the rolls must be free to roll easily at high speed and able to move radially inward at either end more or less, according to the depth of the material tobe crushed, a new packing had to be found which would fulfill all of the above-mentioned requirements.

To this end, a bushing 50 is loosely fitted on journal 5! of roll 25, the bushing being composed of material which has sufficient lubricating'value to withstand the high journal speed. Wood such as lignum-vitae and similar material has been found to give satisfactory service. The bushing is held by a sleeve 52, preferably split, and having aball ring section 53, which is enclosed by a ring 54 having a flange 55. This flange is movable in slides 56 in a circular path only, the center of this path coinciding with the center of the bearing supporting arm 51. Sleeve 52 is prevented from revolving by lugs 58 which meet lugs 59 on the flanged ring. This flanged ring allows therefore for the radial inward movement of the rolls, while the ball sectionof the [flanged ring cooperating with the inner 'sleeve'permits the roll to run out of axial alignment without cramp ing. The combinationof bushing, sleeve and flanged ring form a joint between the rolls and the-end platewhich is entirelytight and excludes passage of oil and stock'therethrough without restricting the free movement of the rolls. 'Flingers 60 attached to theendsofthe rolls repel by cen trifugal force any foreign material approaching them and, in combination with rings 6| carried by sleeve 52, over which the fingers work, prevent any fiber or other foreign material from enterin'g" the packing. V

In order to increas'e'thelife of the bushings 50, it has been found desirable to lubricate them 'occasionally. To provide for this, oil cups 62 and tubes 63 are arranged in the casing I at points directly over the journals of the rolls. Asthe rolls, intheir revolution, pass the tubes 63, they will receive drops of oil from'said tubes and a sufficient amount of this oil will work along the roll journal and into the packing to keep the ing sleeve 54.

bushings in good condition. A spiral groove 64 cut into the bushing assists the oil in spreading out over the entire surface of the bushing.

For the purpose of minimizing the transmission of vibrations to the bushings and journal enclosures, an arrangement of springs is used which partly, or wholly, as desired, offsets the centrifugal force exerted on these parts. Other means to counteract the centrifugalforce maybe used, such as a counter balance, o'r'pressure devices similar to hydraulic or pneumatic shock-absorbers.

, In a preferred form, two spring leaves 65 are held in brackets 66 which are fastened to revolving end discs or partitions 61 and 68. The free end of these springs engages hook 69 cast to bear- As is evident, these springs exert a pulling action on the shaft center, while allowing a free radial movement of said enclosures.

, Another important feature of my invention is the lubricating system,-which furnishes lubricant to the roll bearings and pivot arms. This system includes two casings-10 and II surrounding the bearings at opposite ends of the machine. The oil which has passed through the bearings is caught by these casings and drains away through opening 12 in the lower sectionfof the casing, thence flowing through pipe '13 into wire basket 14 in the upper part of the oil tank 15. In these wire baskets is retained any fiber or other. foreign material which might have found its wayinto the oil. 2

A pan 15 is arrangedunder the baskets and guides the oil throughspout 11 into the lower section of a trough 18 where any water which may be in the oil will settle and whence it may be withdrawn through drain hole 'l9. I

The clean oil flows over the edges ofthe trough and passes over cooling boxes 80 which are supplied with cool water by pipe 8 I and thus adapted to reduce the temperature of the oil duringiits passage therethrough, if found desirable.

The clean, cool oil then passes through stopcocks 82 and another set of filters83, as described in myPatent 1,535,834.- These may be covered with a somewhat finer filtering material and they are chiefly used to catch any fiber or dirt which might get by the baskets and to make absolutely certain that no fiber or dirt can enter the oil line which feeds the bearings. 1 2

While in the baskets M, the filtering operation is assisted by gravity; in the filters 83, theflltering operation is performed against gravity, the oil flowing fromthe outside to the interior and through central holes 84 into the suction line 85 of thepump 86. Any foreign material, therefore, remains on the outside of these filters and: dur-" the roll enclosures toward ing removal of filters for cleaning, may drop into the bottom of the horizontal cylindrical casing 81 whence it can bescraped out without any danger of its entering the discharge opening, the latterbeing considerably above thecasing bot The filtered oil passes through the pump which forces it through piping 88'into the'centrifugal distributor 89, also described in my Patent1,535,- 834, For convenience, there are two baskets l4 and two filters 83, in order-that anyone! of these may be cleaned outwithout the necessity of stopping the operation of the machine. I

Gauges and valves in the pressure line make it possible to operate with any desired" definite oil pressure. 3 ii? It will be understood that the described form is only one specific embodiment of :the invention and that modifications of the s'ameare within its scope, such asaconical casing'and conical rolls, a diifjerent number, length and kind of grooves, as'wellas achange in the design of said'grooves whether curved, straight, intersecting, etc.; also the application of such grooves to various forms of crushing agencies including that illustrated in my above mentioned Patent #1,682,511.

I claim:--

1. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a container adapted tohold a quantity of paper stock, or similar material, of a roll for engaging the stock, means supporting said roll for rotation about its own axis in contact with said stock and for movement toward and from the stock supporting surface of said container to cause it to crush said stock against said surface, the peripheral surface of said roll being roughened to maintain substantially a true rolling contact with said stock, and said contact serving as the sole means for revolving said roll around its own axis.

2. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a drum for holding the stock to be worked, of a stock working roll extending longitudinally of the stock chamber within the drum, mechanism for revolving said roll bodily around the axis of said drum, said mechanism comprising means for supporting said roll for movement under the action of centrifugal force toward and from the stock supporting surface of said drum, and means for supporting said roll for free rotation around its own axis due to its contact with the stock, the stock engaging surfaces of the roll being roughened.

3. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a container adapted to hold a quantity of paper stock or similar material to be acted upon, of a plurality of rolls in said container for engaging and Working said stock, a rotary shaft extending into said container, spiders on said shaft, arms pivoted on said spiders and carrying bearings supporting the opposite ends of said rolls whereby the rotation of said shaft serves to revolve said rolls around the axis of the shaft and to cause them to swing outwardly under the action of centrifugal force into contact with the stock supporting surface of said container, said rolls being supported for free rotation around their respective axes, and the surfaces of said rolls being roughened to cause their engagement with the stock to revolve the rolls freely around their respective axes.

4. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a drum having an approximately cylindrical inner surface and adapted to hold a quantity of paper stock or similar material, of a plurality of rolls for engaging the stock and crushing it against said surface, means for supporting said rolls for both bodily movement around the axis of said drum, for rotation around their individual axes and for lateral movement toward and from the inner surface of said drum, the peripheral surfaces of said rolls having grooves therein extending in directions transverse to the radial planes of the rolls for cooperating with the stock to produce a rotative movement of the rolls about their axes.

5. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a drum for holding the stock to be Worked, of a stock working roll extending longitudinally of the stock chamber within the drum, mechanism for supporting said roll for bodily rotation around the axis of the drum, for free rotation around its own axis and for movement under theaction of centrifugal force toward'and from'the 'stock supporting surface of said drum, said surface being approximately cylindrical in form,;said'roll being peripherally grooved transve'rs ely to the radial-plane of the roll, said drum having an" inlet and an'outlet for'the stockto be operated upon, and means additional to said roll for conveying the stock toward said outlet.

6. In a machine of the character described, the combination with a drum for holding the stock to be worked, of a stock working roll extending longitudinally of the stock chamber within the drum, mechanism for supporting said roll for both orbital and angular bodily movement in said drum, a partition through which said roll projects, and a packing cooperating with said partition and said roll to prevent any substantial transfer of material along the roll and through said partition, said packing comprising a member fitting around and bodily movable with the roll and another member having a substantially tight joint with said first member and held in contact with but slidable on said partition.

7. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a container having a chamber therein to receive the material to be worked, a roll mounted in said chamber for working said material, mechanism for supporting one end of said roll, said container having a separate chamber in which said mechanism is mounted and including a partition for maintaining said chambers separate, one from the other, and a packing associated with both the partition and said roll for preventing the transfer of material along said ro-ll from one of said chambers to the other, said packing comprising a part in which said shaft is both rotatable and angularly movable, means for continuously maintaining a tight joint between said part and said shaft, and means for continuously maintaining a tight joint between said partition and said part, said part having a movement of translation relatively to said partition.

8. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a container having a chamber therein to receive the material to be worked, a roll mounted in said chamber for working said material, mechanism for supporting one end of said roll, said container having a separate chamber in which said mechanism is mounted and including a partition for maintaining said chambers separate, one from the other, and a packing associated with both the partition and said roll for preventing the transfer of material along said roll from one of said chambers to the other, said packing comprising a packing member loosely encircling said roll, means for holding said packing memberagainst said partition but in sliding contact therewith, another packing member encircling said roll and held continuously in engagement with it, said members being connected together to maintain continuously an approximately tight joint between them as said roll revolves about its axis and said axis swings relatively to said partition.

9. In a machine of the character described, the combination of a container having a chamber therein to receive the material to be worked, a roll mounted in said chamber for working said material, mechanism for supporting one end of said roll, said container having a separate chamber in which said mechanism is mounted and including a partition for maintaining said chambers separate, one from the other, and a packing associated with both the partition and said roll for preventing the transfer of material along said roll from one of said chambers to the other, said packing comprising a member encircling said roll and maintained continuously in contact with its peripheral surface, another member continuously held against said partition, and a joint connecting said members and having surfaces constantiy maintained in contact with each other as said r011 revolves and moves angularly with reference to said partition.

ANTON J HAUG. 

